The dial readings of the viscometer were then converted to stresses by applying standard conversion factors and different nonnewtonian models were used in computing the stress values. Feb 12, 2019 also, during procedures that generate large quantities of drilled solids e. It is expressed either in ppg lbs gallons or pound per cubic feet lbft3 or kgm3 or gmcm3 or compared to the weight of an equal volume of water as specific gravity. Optimizing the rheological properties of silica nano. Improving the rheological properties of water based mud. Hence, model that account for yield stresses are known as viscoplastic models or yield stress models 7. One of the new methods to improve different properties of the drilling mud is the application of nanoparticles. Study of the rheological properties of various oilbased. The results of this work showed that, for sand content less than 10 wt%, the mechanical properties of the drilled cutting have no effect on drilling fluid properties. In this paper a new model was developed to estimate the rheological parameters of invert emulsionbased drilling fluid using marsh funnel viscosity and mud density. The effect of temperature on the rheological properties of the drilling mud is presented in table 5. Drilling fluid, mud, is pivotal in achieving this objective. The rheological properties of these drilling muds were measured by using an automated 8speed viscometer model 800.
After the rheology was taken the bentonite water suspension or. Effects of mud properties, hole size, drill string tripping speed 145 mud flow physics the flow behaviour of drilling fluids is complicated by the variation of apparent viscosity with rate of shear or flow. Rheology is an extremely important property of drilling muds, drillin fluids, workover and completion fluids, cements and specialty fluids and pills. Effect of kcl on rheological properties of shale contaminated. Therefore, it is important to know the rheological properties of a drilling fluid in the complete range of shear rates experienced by the drilling fluid in the system. We conclude by discussing the choice of fluids, their rheological properties with respect to the objectives of the project, as well as the methods used for fluids characterization. Abstract drilling fluids muds are complex fluids consisting of several additives. Rheological characteristics of drilling mud also include yield point and gel strength. The flow properties of egyptian bentonite as a drilling mud were studied using anionic polyacrylamide as an additive mw 1,000,000 gmol. Pdf the rheological properties of waterbased drilling. Effect of variable rheological properties of drilling muds. The viscosity was measured by a dynamic viscometer expert series from fungi lab and fluid density measured by anton paar dma 5000. Nanoparticles as drilling fluids rheological properties modifiers introduction the drilling operation is the first stage in tapping underground oil, gas, and water.
Oyedeji 3 1petroleum engineering department, university of ibadan, ibadan, nigeria. The proper development of this operation plays a major role in increasing productivity. Studies of the rheological properties of drilling fluids citeseerx. Experimental study of rheological properties of model. Aminu abdulkadir, lilian amen osawemwenze, gideon majiyebo adogbo. The rheological test campaign includes determination of the linear viscoelastic range lver, viscosity and yield point, thixotropic time test, and temperature dependence of rheological parameters.
This explains why solids control is more difficult using a kclpolymer water based drilling fluid than using an oil based drilling fluid. Mud rheology test drilling engineering netwas group oil. Abstract the demand for drilling mud is on a high increase due to drilling operations ranging from oil wells to ground water bore holes that are being carried out. A new method to analyze the rheological properties of drilling mud was developed, and applied. These fluids, called drilling muds are classically shear thinning, thixotropic and. Pdf the rheological properties of waterbased drilling fluids. Also the rheological properties of the drilling muds in the literature. Conclusion we have used a fann viscometer for characterizing a model drilling fluid for flow loop experiments with a drillpipe inside. Effects of sugarcane and polyanionic cellulose on drilling mud 3. Oil based drilling fluids with tailormade rheological properties.
The mud rheological properties will strongly depend on the temperature and pressure variations. Pdf insitu thermal rheological properties of drilling muds. Evaluating the effects of monovalent and divalent salts on. The drilling fluid density and rheological properties were measured using mud balance and 900viscometer, respectively. Experimental investigation of drilling fluid performance as. Effect of ph on rheological and filtration properties of water. Salinity is a very important parameter in drilling fluids. Tracking the rheological properties of the drilling fluid is a key factor for the success of the drilling operation. Optimizing the rheological properties of silica nanomodified. Apr 22, 2020 viscosity, gel strength and yield point introduction. Hole cleaning often requires the removal of drilled cuttings and this is often done by passing the drilling mud through the drill string down to the drill bit where it exits into the hole and lifts the cuttings through the annulus to the surface. Pdf investigation into the rheological and filtration. After preparing the water based drilling mud, the following properties were then tested for and recorded. Effect of weighing agent on rheological properties of.
The rheological model for nonnewtonian fluids may be grouped under three categories. Improving the rheological properties of water based mud with. Times experimental investigation of rheological properties. Pdf range of rheological properties for bentonite drilling. Effect of kcl on rheological properties of shale contaminated waterbased mudwbm by joel, o. We find that the fann viscometer can be used to measure the most relevant rheological properties of the fluid used in the present experiments with a non newtonian model drilling fluid. Viscometer used to measure the rheological properties of the drilling fluid. Mud rheology is measured on a continual basis while drilling and adjusted with additives or. The major factor in defining the efficiency of carrying out of cutting is a ratio of plastic viscosity of drilling mud with a dynamic. Effect of fe4o3 nanoparticles on the rheological properties. Department of petroleum engineering, african university of science and technology, abuja, nigeria abstract. Jun 10, 2012 ph is the measurement of relative acidity or alkalinity of a liquid.
Rheological properties such as density, viscosity, gel strength. Viscosity, gel strength and yield point introduction. Investigation into the rheological and filtration properties. Two basic types of drilling fluids are used, water based muds wbm and oil based muds obm.
Effects of mud properties, hole size, drill string. The performance of the clay composites waterbased bentonite drilling mud in terms of its rheological behavior in drilling systems was investigated at various pressures and temperatures. A laboratory investigation of the effects of temperature and aging time on the properties of waterbase drilling fluid is made with fann model 800 hightemperature. Enhancing the rheological properties of waterbased. Realtime prediction of rheological properties of invert. Nanoparticles as drilling fluids rheological properties modifiers. This allows one to determine insitu the herschel and bulkley rheological parameters and the behavior of the drilling mud circulating in the well. Selecting the most appropriate model for rheological. Water or less viscous fluid may be used at the shallow part of the hole, but more viscous mud would be required for deeper depths xiuhu a.
Pdf locally sourced materials have been used in the past to produce drilling fluids but the major problem encountered is that the gel strength. Effect of formation cuttings mechanical properties on. Drilling muds are complex fluids, generally used to clean the well, maintain hole integrity, transport the rock cuttings, lubricate the drill bit and control formation pressures. Drilling fluids with high extensional viscosity seldom have a very strong gel structure, and are generally not affected equally much by vibrations. The important rheological characteristics of a drilling fluid for good operational performance are that it should be capable of sustaining a. Rheological properties are basis for all analysis of well bore hydraulics and to assess the functionality of the mud system. Rheological properties of drilling mud formulated from ten samples of nigerian clay and treated with sodium carbonate na 2 co 3 were determined. In the case of selection drilling mud formulation the thermostability means. Mud engineering this chapter covers the following items. Range of rheological properties for bentonite drilling muds. Rheological properties of drilling muds in deep offshore. So, while selecting drilling fluids formulation, the attention must be previously paid on rheological properties especially when the aim is to. Properties of drilling fluid know energy solutions.
Numerous experiments exist on high temperature rheological characterization of drilling fluids but the properties of these fluids when cooled down to very low temperature are not well known. Rheological properties of oil based drilling fluids and. The results are compared to those obtained in the laboratory using a fann vg 35 viscometer for the same drilling mud. Effect of kcl on rheological properties of shale contaminated waterbased mud wbm by joel, o. The influence of vibrations on drilling fluid rheological. The main objective of this paper is to relate the most frequent mud measurements every 15 to 20 min as mud weight mwt and marsh funnel viscosity mfv to the less frequent mud rheological measurements twice a day as plastic viscosity pv, yield point yp, behavior index.
Studies of the rheological properties of drilling fluids. The science and study of the deformation and flow of matter. Abstract interests in the design of waterbased mudswbm have escalated due to wellbore instability issues that arise from the abundance of problematic shales encountered while. Consequently, the newtonian fluid equations are altered for application to typical drilling mud systems. Rheology refers to the deformation and flow behavior of all forms of matter. Oil based drilling fluids with tailormade rheological.
Effect of fe4o3 nanoparticles on the rheological properties of water based mud amarfio e. Improving the rheological properties of drilling mud using. Nanoparticles induce favorable effects on the rheological properties of the fluid. Determination of the rheological parameters of invert.
This information is important in the design of circulating systems required to accomplish certain continue reading mud rheology test. A practical method for determining the rheology of drilling fluid. The rheological properties plastic viscosity, yield point, thixotropy of bentonitepolyacrylamide mud were investigated at different concentrations 520 mgl. Shearstress measurements made at a minimum of two shear rates are needed to define the properties of these oilfield fluids. Rheological and electrical properties of egyptian bentonite.
Nanoparticles can also influence rheological and thixotropic properties for drilling mud application. The effect of concentration of the biopolymers on the drilling fluid was also reported. The fluids have been tested according to the api standard, and further, viscoelastic properties have been examined using an anton paar rheometer. The rheological properties of drilling fluids modified with three biopolymers carboxylmethyl cellulose cmc, xanthan gum polysaccharide xanplex d, and polyanionic cellulose pacr have been studied. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance offered by that matter to a deforming force. Three parameters are sometimes used to better define fluid behavior. Mud rheology refers to the mud of deformation and flow behavior of all forms of matter. The rheological properties on the water drilling mud systems were tested using a modular rheometer the rs600 of thermohaake with a temperature of 25 c 1 c. Specific drilling fluid with favourable quality for the job are selected by the engineers in charge of drilling. Various viscosity regimes of fluids are used when drilling.
These additives are added to enhancecontrol the rheological properties such as density, viscosity, yield point and gel strength of the drilling mud. In fact, drilling fluid is subjected to very different shear rates, from very low values in the mud pit to very high values at the bit nozzle. Pdf improving the rheological properties of drilling mud. Effect of variable rheological properties of drilling muds and cements on the temperature distribution in geothermal wells a. A similar trend was noticed on the effect of temperature on the yield point of the drilling mud figure 2. Rheological and filtration properties of kaolinite based drilling mud. Insitu rheological characterization of drilling mud. The term is also used to indicate the properties of a given fluid, as in mud rheology. The rheological properties of drilling fluid change owing to elevated temperature and aging time and these in effect, cause problems in drilling deep wells. Rheological and filtration properties of kaolinite based. The equations were developed to obtain the viscosity.
Moreover, the contact of salt with drilling mud affects the degree of drilling fluid efficiency and its performance in drilling operation is affected by its rheological properties so it is necessary to study the drilling mud rheological parameters and properties at the downhole condition 10 j. Pdf improving the rheological properties of drilling mud using. Certain rheologic measurements made on fluids, such as viscosity, gel strength, etc. A drilling fluid specialist or a mud engineer is often on site to take care of, and revaluate these properties as drilling proceeds. The rheological properties of drilling fluids modified with three biopolymers carboxylmethyl cellulose cmc, xanthan gum polysaccharide xanplex d, and polyanionic cellulose pacr have. Investigation into the rheological and filtration properties of drilling mud formulated with clays from northern nigeria o. Mud ph affects the dispersibility of clays, solubility of various products and chemicals corrosion of steel materials, and mud rheological properties.
Enhancing the rheological properties of waterbased drilling. Because of that, shear viscosity or simply, viscosity of drilling fluids is the property that is most commonly monitored and controlled. For a drilling mud, the properties that describe the flow characteristics under various conditions are called flow or rheological properties. May 17, 2017 mud rheology refers to the mud of deformation and flow behavior of all forms of matter.
These properties are controlled for effective drilling of an oil or gas well. The rheology and performance of geothermal spring waterbased. Shear dominates most of the viscosityrelated aspects of drilling operations. Rheological properties of drilling muds have considerable impact on carrying out of drilling cutting on a day surface, creation of hydrodynamic pressure in well. Experimental drilling fluid design the objective of the drilling fluid design was to obtain a formulation of a water based. Rheological behavior of drilling muds, characterization using mri. Rheological properties such as density, viscosity, gel strength etc. The results obtained showed that adding micronized starch to waterbased drilling fluid increased the yield point and the plastic viscosity by 250%. Other rheological properties can also affect how much drilling fluid is retained on cuttings and the interaction of cuttings with each other. Rheological properties of biopolymers drilling fluids. Experimental investigation of drilling fluid performance. One of several flow characteristics of a material, such as a drilling fluid, completion fluid, workover fluid or cement. Nanoparticles as drilling fluids rheological properties. A density specific gravity density is defined as weight per unit volume.
Rheology is the study of the deformation and flow of matter. Increase in temperature decreases the plastic and apparent viscosities of the drilling mud. Laboratory study of high temperature additive to rheology. Rheological evaluations like drilling muds filtration loss properties were done by filter press api lplt from fan. Maintaining the viscosity and fluid loss ability during drilling operation is core for a drilling fluid to perform its functions. It was found that tem perature had a detrimental effect on the rheological properties.
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